01/10/2026
Octoberâs Birthstones | Opal & Tourmaline
Two gemstones share October: Opal and Tourmaline. Each brings distinct optical properties and a different story.
Opal
Opal displays play of colour, a flash of spectral hues caused by light diffracting through its ordered silica spheres. With a refractive index of around 1.45 and a notable water content, it forms as a mineraloid rather than a true crystalline mineral. Ancient Romans associated it with hope and good fortune, while the Victorians linked it to love and imagination. Most precious opal originates from Australia, with Ethiopia now a significant secondary source. It sits at 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, valued for its distinctive patterns and fire.
Tourmaline
Tourmaline is a complex borosilicate mineral occurring in nearly every colour, from deep greens and vivid pinks to the copper bearing blues of ParaĂba tourmaline. Its strong pleochroism means colour can shift depending on the viewing angle, a property cutters account for when orienting the rough. Its name derives from the Sinhalese word turamali, meaning âmixed gems.â Collectors and royalty have valued it since the eighteenth century for its range of hues, including bi colour and watermelon varieties. At 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, it offers both durability and colour diversity.
Which would you choose, the colour play of opal or the full spectrum of tourmaline?