12/10/2026
El señor 8 Venado, Garra de Jaguar (Lord 8 Deer Jaguar Claw).
The codices suggest that the migration of the Mixtecs (from Oaxaca) was linked to the activities of El señor 8 Venado, who was born in 1063 AD.
At the age of 18, El señor 8 Venado set out for the Pacific coast with the aim of establishing a kingdom. His journey began with a meeting where he received ceremonial objects: a sacred bundle, a flint staff, a gold fish, and a skull-shaped shield.
El señor 8 Venado succeeded in founding a kingdom at Tututepec (the oldest town in the Oaxaca Coast region). The region was characterized by high agricultural productivity and a diversity of resources, such as cacao, salt, quetzal feathers, cotton, and fish. The codices depict the formation of an alliance with a group of foreigners who wore black masks—identifying them as Toltec-Chichimecs—and carried fans and staffs, the insignia of merchants.
This alliance was sealed by the most famous event in the codices: the nose-piercing rite of El señor 8 Venado in 1097 AD. Upon the placement of the *yacaxihuitl*—a turquoise nose ornament and a jewel symbolizing royal power and Toltec authority—he was conferred the title of *tecuhtli*, thereby becoming a member of the Toltec-Chichimec royal lineage.
